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VRay Physical Camera Examples

Search Keywords: camera, physical camera, exposure, f-stop, shutter speed, iso, vignetting, dof, motion blur, sun , sky

Note: the Sponza Atrium model is created by Marko Dabrovic (http://www.rna.hr) and is one of the models for the CGTechniques Radiosity competition. The Athene model is a free model from the DeEspona Infografica model bank.

Note: All the images are rendered using the VRaySun and VRaySky set with their default parameters.

Example 1: Exposure control: f-number (f-stop)

Exposure: on, Shutter Speed (s^-1): 60.0, ISO: 200, Vignetting: on, White balance: white

f-number: 8

VRay Documentation - VRay Physical Camera Examples

f-number: 6

VRay Documentation - VRay Physical Camera Examples

f-number: 4

VRay Documentation - VRay Physical Camera Examples

Lowerring the f-number value will actually make the image brighter. Thus, the camera aperture is being opened, so more light is absorbed.

In reverse, increasing the f-number will make the image darker, as the aperture is being closed. This parameter also determines the amount of the DOF effect, see example 9.

Example 2: Exposure control: shutter speed (s^-1)

Exposure: on, f-number: 8.0, ISO: 200, Vignetting: on, White balance: white

shutter speed: 60

VRay Documentation - VRay Physical Camera Examples

shutter speed: 30

VRay Documentation - VRay Physical Camera Examples

shutter speed: 125

VRay Documentation - VRay Physical Camera Examples

This parameter determines the "exposure time". The longer this time is (small shutter speed value) - the brighter the image would be.

In reverese - if the shutter speed is shorter, the image would get darker (high shutter speed value).

This parameter also affects the Motion blur effect, see example 10.

Example 3: Exposure control: film speed (ISO )

Exposure: on, Shutter Speed (s^-1): 60.0, f-number: 8.0, Vignetting: on, White balance: white

ISO: 400

VRay Documentation - VRay Physical Camera Examples

ISO: 800

VRay Documentation - VRay Physical Camera Examples

ISO: 1600

VRay Documentation - VRay Physical Camera Examples

This parameter determines the sensitivity (brightness) of the image. If the film speed (ISO) is high (more sensitive to the light), the less light is needed to get the image. Higher values are usually used for "night shot" images.

Example 4: Zoom factor

Exposure: on, f-number: 8.0, Shutter Speed (s^-1): 60.0, ISO: 200.0, Vignetting: on, White balance: white

Zoom factor: 1.0

VRay Documentation - VRay Physical Camera Examples

Zoom factor: 2.0

VRay Documentation - VRay Physical Camera Examples

Zoom factor: 0.5

VRay Documentation - VRay Physical Camera Examples

This parameter determines the zooming (In and Out) of the final image. It doesn't move the camera forward neither backwards.

Example 5: Vertical shift (Camera Correction)

Using this parameter you can archive the so called "2 point perspective". To have that done automatically, use the

< Guess vertical shift > button.

vertical shift: Guess (2 point)

VRay Documentation - VRay Physical Camera Examples

vertical shift: -0.5

VRay Documentation - VRay Physical Camera Examples

vertical shift: 0.5

VRay Documentation - VRay Physical Camera Examples

Example 6: Distortion

Distortion: 1.0, type: Quadratic

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Distortion: -1.0, type: Quadratic

VRay Documentation - VRay Physical Camera Examples

Distortion: 1.0, type: Cubic

VRay Documentation - VRay Physical Camera Examples

Distortion: -1.0, type: Cubic

VRay Documentation - VRay Physical Camera Examples

The difference between the two types of distortion is slightly visible. The Cubic type should be used in some camera tracking programs like SynthEyes, Boujou etc.

Example 7: Vignetting

Vignetting: Off

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Vignetting: On

VRay Documentation - VRay Physical Camera Examples

Simulating the optical vignetting effect of real-world cameras.

Example 8: White balance

Exposure: on, f-number: 8.0, Shutter Speed (s^-1): 200.0, ISO: 200.0, Vignetting: on

White balance - White(255,255,255)

VRay Documentation - VRay Physical Camera Examples

White balance - Blue (145,65,255)

VRay Documentation - VRay Physical Camera Examples

White balance - Peach (20,55,245)

VRay Documentation - VRay Physical Camera Examples

Using the white balance color allows additional modification of the image output. Objects in the scene that have the specified color will appear white in the image. E.g. for daylight scenes this should be peach color to compensate for the color of the sun light etc.

Example 9: Depth Of Field (DOF)

To have the DOF effect you need to check On the Depth-of-field checkbox (Sampling rollout). Blades (Bokeh effect) is also part of the DOF effect.

The effect is strongly seen when the camera is very close to some object, just like doing a macro photo. So to have a strong DOF effect, the camera aperture has to be "open" - small f-number (f-stop) value. That would lead to a very burnt/bright image, so to preserve the same illuminosity over the whole image), the shutter speed has to be quick. And at last but not at least the focus distance will determine which part of the field will be actually on focus. To get the focus near, you would need a small value and reverse - higher value for far focus.

Exposure: on, f-number: 1.0, Shutter Speed (s^-1): 4000.0, ISO: 200.0, Vignetting: on

no DOF effect

VRay Documentation - VRay Physical Camera Examples

DOF - On, focus distance: 400

VRay Documentation - VRay Physical Camera Examples

DOF - on, focus distance: 4000

VRay Documentation - VRay Physical Camera Examples

Example 10: Motion Blur (MB)

To have the Motion Blur effect you need to check On the Motion-blur checkbox (Sampling rollout).

The size/amount of the motion blur is determined by the speed of the moving object itself as well as the shutter speed of the camera. Long shutter speeds will produce more even motion blur, as the movement of the object is taken longer in time. In reverse - short shutter speeds will produce less motion blur effect. Keep in mind that to preserve the same illuminosity over the whole image, the f-number value has to be corrected as well.

In the example the far small ball is moving quicker than the near one. So it is absolutely expectable that the amount of blurring on those objects would be different.

Exposure: on, ISO: 200.0, Vignetting: on

no Motion blur (MB)

VRay Documentation - VRay Physical Camera Examples